Physiological Responses to Stress and Novelty

Stress-induced physiological responses significantly influence navigation. Heart rate is one of the metrics for assessing the body's reaction to stress. A novel method, Trans-radial Electrical Bioimpedance Velocimetry (TREV), offers a more convenient alternative to traditional Impedance Cardiography (ICG) measures. Applied through the arm, TREV combines ICG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) to obtain measurements such as heart contractility via bioimpedance and heartbeats per minute. This valuable tool allows for the assessment of individuals' physiological responses during navigation under stress in an non-invasive way.